The Peptide Research Glossary, A to Z

• ·Agonist. A compound that activates a receptor, as opposed to an antagonist, which blocks it. Most metabolic peptides in this catalogue are receptor agonists.
• ·Amidation (-NH2). A C-terminal modification that improves stability and changes the molecular weight, which is how mass spectrometry distinguishes an amidated variant. See understanding peptide sequences.
• ·Amino acid. The building block of a peptide. Twenty standard residues, plus synthetic ones such as Aib and 2-Nal used in engineered sequences.
• ·Analog (analogue). A modified version of a natural peptide, engineered for stability or kinetics. Semaglutide is a GLP-1 analogue.
• ·Bacteriostatic water. Sterile water containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol, the standard vehicle for multi-entry reconstitution. Full guide: bacteriostatic water.
• ·Batch / lot. One production run. All meaningful verification is lot-level: the lot code links vial to certificate to laboratory database.
• ·CAS number. A compound's unique chemical registry identifier, used to look up true specifications in public databases.
• ·Certificate of analysis (COA). The laboratory report for one lot: identity, purity, measured content. See how to verify a peptide COA.
• ·Chromatogram. The output graph of an HPLC run. The purity number is the target peak's share of total peak area. See what is HPLC testing.

• ·DAC (drug affinity complex). An albumin-binding modification that extends circulating half-life from hours to days. The clearest case is CJC-1295 with DAC vs without.
• ·D-amino acid. The mirror-image form of a residue. Proteases handle it poorly, so D-residues are a deliberate stability tool.
• ·Deletion sequence. A synthesis error: the target chain minus one residue. The characteristic impurity that purification removes. See how peptides are made.
• ·Fill accuracy. Measured milligrams against the label claim. The number a short fill depends on you never seeing. See purity vs fill accuracy and underfilled vials.
• ·GHRH. Growth-hormone-releasing hormone, the axis entered by sermorelin, tesamorelin and the CJC-1295 family.
• ·GHS / secretagogue. Ghrelin-receptor compounds that stimulate growth-hormone release, ipamorelin being the selective example. Prohibited in tested sport.
• ·GLP-1 / GIP. Incretin hormones, and the receptor targets of semaglutide (GLP-1), tirzepatide (both) and retatrutide (both plus glucagon).
• ·Half-life. The time for a circulating concentration to halve. The property most engineering modifications are aimed at.
• ·HPLC. High-performance liquid chromatography, the standard purity method. Full explainer: what is HPLC testing.
• ·Hygroscopic. Moisture-absorbing, which is why lyophilised vials stay sealed until use and why a cold vial should be brought to room temperature before opening.

• ·In vitro / in vivo. In cell culture, and in a living organism. Research-market peptides are supplied for in-vitro laboratory work.
• ·Janoshik Analytical. The independent laboratory that tests every lot in this catalogue, with certificates verifiable on its own public database. See Janoshik testing explained.
• ·Lyophilised. Freeze-dried. The stable powder form peptides ship in.
• ·Mass spectrometry (MS). The identity and content method: measures mass and compares it against the sequence's theoretical value. See mass spectrometry in peptide verification.
• ·Molecular weight / molar mass. The sequence-determined mass that anchors identity testing. See peptide molecular weight.
• ·Peptide. A chain of amino acids shorter than a protein. This catalogue spans three residues (KPV) to more than forty (tesamorelin).
• ·Pulsatility. Release in pulses rather than continuously. The central design variable in growth-hormone-axis research.
• ·Purity. The proportion of peptide content that is the target compound. The research-grade convention is 99% or better.

• ·Receptor selectivity. Activating the intended receptor with minimal off-target signal. Ipamorelin's defining published property.
• ·Reconstitution. Dissolving lyophilised powder into solution. Technique: the reconstitution guide. Arithmetic: the calculator.
• ·Research use only (RUO). The regulatory category: supplied for laboratory research, not authorised for human or veterinary use. See are peptides legal in Canada.
• ·Salt form. Peptides commonly ship as acetate salts; the counterion adds mass, which is why a certificate should say whether its figures are net peptide.
• ·Sequence. A peptide's ordered residues, written N to C in one- or three-letter code. See understanding peptide sequences.
• ·SPPS. Solid-phase peptide synthesis, how research peptides are built. See how peptides are made.
• ·Verification key. The unique identifier on a certificate that resolves on the testing laboratory's own site. The feature that makes forging the document pointless.
• ·WADA / CCES. The world and Canadian anti-doping bodies. Many research peptides appear on their prohibited lists, which is a system entirely separate from Canadian law. See peptides and anti-doping.
• ·x-mer (15-mer, 44-mer). Shorthand for a peptide's residue count.

Most of the vocabulary above converges on one document. A lot certificate carries the lot code, the testing laboratory, an HPLC purity figure, a mass-spectrometric identity result against a theoretical mass, a measured content figure against the labelled amount, and a verification key.

If a term on this page is unfamiliar, the fastest way to fix that is to open a certificate and find it.

Published Certificate

Select strength

10mg12mg20mg

Batch

BPC-CA-26F-10

Purity (HPLC)

99.765%

Measured content

10.98 mglabelled 10 mg

Laboratory

Janoshik

Verify on the lab’s own databaseAll published certificates

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