Why purity testing cannot see it
HPLC purity is a ratio: what fraction of the peptide content in the sample is the target compound. It is computed from peak areas within one injection, and it carries no information about how much material the vial held before the sample was drawn.
So a vial labelled 10 mg that actually holds 6 mg of 99.5% pure peptide reports 99.5%. Not approximately, not with a caveat: exactly the same number a correctly filled vial of the same lot would report, because 99.5% of 6 mg and 99.5% of 10 mg are both 99.5%. The purity figure is mathematically blind to quantity.
That blindness is not a flaw in the method. It is what the method is for. The problem is a market trained to ask about purity and nothing else, which makes the blind spot a business opportunity. The general form of the argument is in purity vs fill accuracy, and the method's own limits in what is HPLC testing.

