What tirzepatide is
Tirzepatide is a synthetic 39-residue peptide with a C20 fatty diacid moiety, engineered as a single molecule that agonizes both the GIP and the GLP-1 receptor. The characterization paper by Coskun et al. (2018) describes the design rationale and the receptor pharmacology, including the deliberately imbalanced potency profile that favours GIP.[3]
The backbone incorporates non-natural residues, notably α-aminoisobutyric acid, to resist DPP-4 cleavage, and the lipidation drives albumin binding and the once-weekly interval. Neither modification is optional decoration: they are what make the molecule behave the way the trials describe.

